Vocal Anatomy

Vocal Anatomy

by Justine Lucas

The voice box, scientifically known as the larynx, is a crucial structure in the respiratory and vocal systems, located in the neck. It serves multiple functions, such as producing sound, protecting the trachea during swallowing, and regulating airflow into the lungs. The larynx sits just below the pharynx and is located in the anterior portion of the neck, spanning roughly between the C3 and C6 vertebrae. It connects the pharynx to the trachea and is a vital organ in speech, breathing, and protecting the airway.

One of the primary anatomical features of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the "Adam's apple." This large, shield-shaped cartilage forms the front of the larynx and is more prominent in males due to hormonal differences during puberty. It acts as a protective structure for the vocal cords. Just behind the thyroid cartilage is the cricoid cartilage, which is a ring-like structure that is important for maintaining the shape and stability of the larynx. The cricoid is located directly above the trachea, providing a foundation for the attachment of other laryngeal structures.

The epiglottis is another critical component, which functions as a flap that prevents food or liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing. It sits just above the vocal cords, and when you swallow, the epiglottis folds down to cover the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords), thereby directing food into the esophagus. The vocal cords, or vocal folds, are two paired muscles within the larynx that vibrate to produce sound. They are located within the glottis and are controlled by various intrinsic muscles of the larynx, which adjust their tension and position to regulate pitch and volume during speech and singing.

The arytenoid cartilages are small, pyramid-shaped structures that sit atop the cricoid cartilage. These play a pivotal role in controlling the tension and positioning of the vocal cords, thus affecting the pitch and quality of sound. The larynx is also lined with mucosal membranes that help to moisten and protect the delicate tissues of the vocal folds. Together, these structures enable the wide range of sounds used in human communication while also ensuring the protection of the respiratory system.